QUANAH  PARKER.

COMANCHE LAST LEADER.

In 1836, a 9-year-old pioneer girl named Cynthia Ann Parker was kidnapped during a Comanche raid in North Texas. She was strapped onto the back of a horse and taken north, back into the Plains where the powerful American Indian tribe lived.

Parker became a ward of the chief and later, a full member of the Comanches. She eventually married a highly respected Comanche chief and gave birth to three children, including Quanah — who would grow up to become the last and greatest Comanche leader.

He was reputed to be ruthless, clever, and fearless in battle.

If you go back through Comanche history, you see that they were the ones who stopped the Spanish from coming North," he explains. "Why did the French stop coming west from Louisiana? Comanches. ... Here was why the West Coast and the East Coast settled before the middle of the country. Here was why there was basically a 40-year wait before you could develop the state of Texas or before other Plain states could be developed.

Quanah Parker led Comanche raids against American villages and troops in the 1860s and 1870s, opposing American expansion into Comanche territory. However, he saw that further struggle was pointless and began negotiating with the US government.

Also Comanche had an integral role in preventing — and then opening up — the American West to white settlers.

Quanah Parker led the Comanche tribe until his death in 1911. He is recognized today as a Native American resistance hero and a symbol of the ongoing struggle for Native American rights and recognition. The Quanah Parker Society, which seeks to preserve Comanche history and culture, carries on his legacy.

CROOKED HAND.

PAWNEE CHIEF.

 Crooked Hand, a Pawnee, gained notoriety as the “greatest warrior in the tribe,” anthropologist George Bird Grinnell reported. His son, Dog Chief, went on to serve as a U.S

They say they came from the southwest or south to their Great Plains homes long before living memory.  Evidence says that the Pawnees resided in the Central Plains region for centuries before the historical period.  The Pawnees lived in elevated river terraces and bluff sites along fifty-mile stretch of the Loup and Platte Rivers.  There they gathered wild foods, grew squash, pumpkins, beans, and corn.  They also hunted buffalo on annual hunts.

         Pawnee hunters first saw horses in the late seventeenth or early eighteenth centuries.  When settlers came from Europe, they began trading and giving gifts to the Indians for land to make North America bigger.  The Pawnee leaders met with major U.S. leaders and began so called treaties and agreements that eventually ended up with Pawnee tribes on reservations.  To escape these reservations the warriors joined the United States army as scouts.  They fought against their enemies, the Sioux  , Cheyenne,  Arapahos, Delawares,Comanches, Apaches, and the Kiowas in the 1860s and 1870s.  

 

RAIN IN THE FACE.

The noted Sioux warrior, Rain-in-the-Face, whose name once carried terror to every part of the frontier, died at his home on the Standing Rock reserve in North Dakota on  September 14, 1905.

“I had been on many warpaths but was not especially successful until about the time the Sioux began to fight with the white man. One of the most daring attacks that we ever made was at Fort Totten, North Dakota, in the summer of 1866.

“Hohay, the Assiniboine captive of Sitting Bull, was the leader in this raid. Wapaypay, the Fearless Bear, who was afterward hanged at Yankton, was the bravest man among us. He dared Hohay to make the charge. Hohay accepted the challenge, and in turn dared the other to ride with him through the agency and right under the walls of the fort, which was well garrisoned and strong.

“Wapaypay and I in those days called each other ‘brother-friend.’ It was a life two years later we attacked a fort west of the Black Hills [Fort Phil Kearny, Wyoming].  It was there we killed one hundred soldiers.” [The military reports say eighty men, under the command of Captain Fetterman — not one left alive to tell the tale!]  “Nearly every band of the Sioux Nation was represented in that fight — Red Cloud, Spotted Tail, Crazy Horse, Sitting Bull, Big Foot, and all our great chiefs were there. Of course, such men as I were then comparatively unknown.  However, there were many noted young warriors, among them Sword, the younger Young-Man-Afraid, American Horse [afterward chief], Crow King, and others.

 

ONE  BULL.

Born 1853 Tȟatȟáŋka Waŋžíla

Died 1947.

One Bull was adopted by Sitting Bull in 1857 at the age of four His mother was Sitting Bull's sister Good Feather  his father was Makes Room and his brother was White Bull.

One Bull participated in Battle of the Little Bighorn in 1876. He arrived with his horse and Sitting Bull's. He rode his mother to safety and then joined the fight. Sitting Bull told him, "Fear nothing. Go straight in". One Bull recounted having killed several fleeing troopers in the battle.[8]:94, 96 He wore his uncle's shield during the Battle of Little Bighorn.[citation needed] One Bull joined his uncle in fleeing to Canada following the Battle of the Little Bighorn in 1876.

 

BRAVE  BUFFALO  BULL.

Brave Buffalo was born c. 1713 in Hunkpapa on the Great Plains to the Hunkpapa Sioux tribe of Native Americans, and he was well-known for his ferocity in fighting against Spain and rival native tribes, including the Crow and Comanche. 

Brave Buffalo served as the war leader of the tribe in his later years during the 1770s and 1780s, serving on the ruling council of the tribe.

SIOUX  WARRIORS.