UTE  PASSAGE.

 

WELLS & FARGO COMPANY EXPRESS BANK ,VIRGINIA CITY  1866.

 

MANGAS  COLORADAS.

BIRTH  1791 -Silver City, Grant County, New Mexico, USA

DEATH  18 Jan 1863 (aged 71–72) - Hurley, Grant County, New Mexico, USA

BURIAL -Mangas Cemetery Grant County, New Mexico

Native American Tribal Chief. Eastern Chiricahua or Mimbreno Apache War Chief of Southwest. His Spanish name means "Red-Sleeves", so named because he always wore a red shirt. 

Standing over 6 feet, he was unusually tall for an Apache Indian. He was considered courageous, wise, generous, and always sought peace. Some believe he was a legend in his own time. 

Mangas Coloradas was a peaceful man until 1837 when the Mexican Government offered a $100 bounty for each Apache Indian scalp. This resulted in a massacre of his band or tribe by greedy anglo-American fur trappers. 

Later, American gold miners of the Pinos Altos mining camp in New Mexico tied him to a tree and whipped him with bull-whips, further intensifying his hatred of the white race. In 1862 during a raid against white settlers in his homeland he suffered a gunshot wound to the chest; surviving, he once again sought peace. Although he signed many treaties none of them were honored by the United States Government. 

Also in 1862, he along with his son-in-law Cochise, defended Apache Pass against United States General James H. Carleton and his troops. Mangas Coloradas was a skilled strategist in guerrilla warfare. In 1863 General Joseph West imprisoned him during peace talks and he was killed at Fort Mclane in Southwestern New Mexico.by United States Army troops. After he was killed they cut off his head.

Bedford W. Sipes.

 NANA

Apache War Chief  Born c.1810 - Died May 19, 1896 

Fort Sill, Indian Territory

Known among the Mimbreno Apache as Kas-tziden, War Leader, Nana was born in 1800. He grew up to marry Geronimo’s sister and fought alongside Mangas Coloradas until Mangas was killed in 1863.

During the Apache Indian Wars, he raided areas of Texas and Mexico with Victorio. Though Nana had been with Chief Victorio when he was killed in the fall of 1880 at Tres Castillos, Mexico, he and several others were scouting for supplies and ammunition at the time, evading the ambush. After coming upon the dead warriors, Nana and his followers fled for the Sierra Madre Mountains of Mexico and soon devised a revenge campaign.

At his 80,formed his own war party with the Chihenne (Warm Springs Apache), enlisting loitering warriors in the reservations. His band joined by 15 Tsokanende, 12 Mescalero warriors and a couple of Navajo, plus women and children, began raiding Army supply trains and isolated settlers. In less than a month Nana fought seven or eight battles stretching over the course of 1,000 miles and killed 30-40 Americans, at least as many Mexicans, captured about 200 horses to replace 100 ridden to death and then fled back to Mexico.

Nana has a special reputation among Apache war chiefs. He was still an active warrior well into his eighties. He had tenacity, stamina, courage and an uncanny ability to improvise in a fight to minimize his losses. He showed no mercy in battle, yet could be considerate when dealing with civilians.

 When Nana was executing guerrilla tactics in the 1880s, he was half blind, crooked from arthritis, but once he sat in the saddle, he rode "like the devil

 

RED  CLOUD.

Red Cloud (1822-1909) was an Oglala Lakota chief who  fought against the US government to preserve his people’s territory and way of life. He was born in Nebraska..

In the 1860s, Red Cloud led a coalition of Native American tribes in a fight against the US government’s efforts to build forts and highways in the Powder River region of present-day Montana and Wyoming. During Red Cloud’s War, he and his supporters killed numerous US Army personnel and forced the government to abandon many forts.

Red Cloud was also influential in the 1868 Treaty of Fort Laramie, which granted the Lakota sovereignty over a large portion of their traditional territory in present-day South Dakota’s Black Hills region.

Notwithstanding his achievements, Red Cloud faced enormous challenges in the years that followed as the US government began to impinge on Native American territory and resources. He devoted the most of his later life to advocating for his people’s rights and preserving Lakota customs and culture.

Red Cloud is remembered today as a bold leader and skilled negotiator who fought to protect his people’s way of life in the face of adversity. His legacy continues to inspire Native Americans and anybody who wishes to understand and preserve the history and customs of indigenous people